Obyknovennaya i beloshapochnaya ovsyanki yavlyayut soboi dovol'no redkii sluchai massovoi gibridizatsii v shirokoi zone vtorichnogo kontakta. Provedennyi ranee molekulyarno-geneticheskii analiz (Irwin et al., 2009) pokazal otsutstvie razlichii mezhdu nimi po mitokhondrial'noi DNK. Etot rezul'tat mozhet otrazhat' ikh chrezvychaino blizkoe evolyutsionnoi rodstvo ili byt' sledstviem zaimstvovaniya mitokhondrial'nogo genoma vsledstvie dlitel'noi gibridizatsii. Dlya vyyasneniya etogo voprosa predprinyata popytka rekonstruktsii filogenii etikh dvukh vidov na osnove kladisticheskogo analiza, provedennogo nezavisimo dlya priznakov pesni i morfologicheskikh priznakov (brachnoi okraski samtsov i morfometricheskikh). Takzhe predprinyat analiz geograficheskoi izmenchivosti ikh pesen. V kladisticheskii analiz vklyucheno eshche 5 vidov ovsyanok, stoyashchikh v blizkom evolyutsionnom rodstve s izuchaemymi vidami (Alstrom et al., 2008): ogorodnaya ovsyanka (E. cirlus), ovsyanka Styuarta (E. stewarti), sadovaya (E. hortulana), skal'naya (E. buchanani) i krasnoklyuvaya (E. caesia) ovsyanki. Po rezul'tatam provedennogo analiza izuchaemye vidy ne yavlyayutsya sestrinskimi: obyknovennaya ovsyanka obrazuet naimen'shii klaster s ogorodnoi ovsyankoi, a beloshapochnaya obrazuet naimen'shii klaster s ovsyankoi Styuarta. Takim obrazom, podtverzhdaetsya gipoteza o vysokom urovne divergentsii izuchaemykh vidov i zaimstvovanii obyknovennoi ovsyankoi mitokhondrial'nogo genoma beloshapochnoi ovsyanki v rezul'tate dlitel'noi gibridizatsii. Analiz pesennykh dialektov soglasuetsya s predpolozheniem o sushchestvovanii drevnei zony gibridizatsii mezhdu obyknovennoi i beloshapochnoi ovsyankami v Evrope.

Spisok literatury

1. Abramson N.I., 2007. Filogeografiya: itogi, problemy, perspektivy // Vestnik VOGiS. T. 11. C. 307–331.
2. Beme P.K., Flint V.E., 1994. Pyatiyazychnyi slovar' nazvanii zhivotnykh. Ptitsy M.: Rus. yaz. RUSSO. 845 s.
3. Vinogradova N.V., Dol'nik V.R., Efimov V.D., Paevskii V.A., 1976. Opredelenie pola i vozrasta vorob'inykh ptits fauny SSSR. Spravochnik. M.: Nauka. 189 s.
4. Koblik E.A., 1997. Kompleksnyi analiz ekologo-morfologicheskogo raznoobraziya ovsyanok (Emberizidae, Aves) Starogo Sveta. Avtoref. dis. kand. biol. nauk., M.: MGU. 28 s.
5. Koblik E.A., Red'kin Ya.A., Arkhipov V.Yu., 2006. Spisok ptits Rossiiskoi Federatsii. M.: Tovarishchestvo nauchnykh izdanii KMK. 256 s.
6. Kovshar' A.F. (red.), 1974. Ptitsy Kazakhstana. T. 5. Alma-Ata: Nauka. 480 s.
7. Pavlinov I.Ya., 2005. Vvedenie v sovremennuyu filogenetiku (kladogeneticheskii aspekt). M.: Tovarishchestvo nauchnykh izdanii KMK. 391 s.
8. Panov E.N., Rubtsov A.S., Monzikov D.G., 2003. Vzaimootnosheniya dvukh vidov ovsyanok (obyknovennoi Emberiza citrinella i beloshapochnoi E. leucocephalos), gibridiziruyushchikh v zonakh perekryvaniya ikh arealov // Zool. zhurn. T. 82. № 4. S. 470–484.
9. Panov E.N., Rubtsov A.S., Mordkovich M.V., 2007. Novye dannye o vzaimootnoshenii dvukh vidov ovsyanok (Emberiza citrinella, E. leucocephalos), gibridiziruyushchikh v zonakh perekryvaniya ikh arealov // Zool. zhurn. T. 86. № 11. S. 1362–1378.
10. Panov E.N., Rubtsov A.S., 2008. Prichiny i evolyutsionnye posledstviya mezhvidovoi gibridizatsii u ptits na primere vzaimootnoshenii obyknovennoi (Emberiza citrinella) i beloshapochnoi ovsyanok (E. leucocephala) // Sovremennye problemy biologicheskoi evolyutsii: trudy konferentsii. K 100-letiyu Gosudarstvennogo Darvinovskogo muzeya. 17–20 sentyabrya 2007 g., g. Moskva. M.: izd-vo Gosudarstvennogo Darvinovskogo muzeya. S. 208–230.
11. Rubtsov A.S., 2007. Izmenchivost' pesni obyknovennoi (Emberiza citrinella) i beloshapochnoi (Emberiza leucocephala) ovsyanok kak pokazatel' struktury populyatsii i evolyutsionnoi istorii vidov // Zool. zhurn. T. 86. S. 863–876.
12. Rubtsov A.S., 2010. Evolyutsionnaya rol' gibridizatsii u ptits na primere obyknovennoi (Emberiza citrinella) i beloshapochnoi (E. leucocephalos) ovsyanok // Charl'z Darvin i sovremennaya biologiya. Trudy mezhdunar. nauch. konf. “Charl'z Darvin i sovremennaya biologiya” (21–23 sentyabrya 2009 g., Sankt-Peterburg). SPb.: Nestor-Istoriya. S. 260–271.
13. Adams J.M., Faure H. (eds)., 1997. Review and atlas of palaeovegetation: preliminary land ecosystem maps of the world since the Last Glacial Maximum. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA. http://www.esd.ornl.gov/projects/qen/adams1.html
14. Alstrom P., Olsson U., Lei F., Wang H-t., Gao W., Sundberg P., 2008. Phylogeny and classification of the Old World Emberizini (Aves, Passeriformes) // Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. V. 47. 960–973.
15. Babik W., Branicki W., Crnobrnja-Isailovic J., Cogalniceanu D., Sas I. et. al., 2005. Phylogeography of two European newt species – discordance between mtDNA and morphology // Molecular Ecology. V. 14. P. 2475–2491.
16. Backstrom N., Palkopoulou E., Qvarnstrom A., Ellegren H., 2010. No evidence for Z-chromosome rearrangements between the pied flycatcher and the collared flycatcher as judged by gene-based comparative genetic maps // Molecular Ecology. V. 19. P. 3394–3405.
17. Deffontaine V., Libois R., Kotlik P., Sommer R., Nieberding C. et. al., 2005. Beyond the Mediterranean peninsulas: evidence of central European glacial refugia for a temperate forest mammal species, the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) // Molecular Ecology. V. 14. P. 1727–1739.
18. Edwards C.J., Suchard M.A., Lemey Ph., Welch J.J., Barnes I. et. al., 2011. Ancient hybridization and an Irish origin for the modern polar bear matriline // Current Biology. V. 21. P. 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.058
19. Felsenstein J., 1989. PHYLIP - Phylogeny Inference Package (Version 3.2). Cladistics. V. 5. P. 164–166.
20. Funk D.J., Omland K.E., 2003. Species-level paraphyly and polyphyly: frequency, causes, and consequences, with insights from animal mitochondrial DNA // Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. V. 34. P. 397– 423.
21. Good J.M., Hird S., Reid N., Demboski J.R., Steppan S.J. et. al., 2008. Ancient hybridization and mitochondrial capture between two species of chipmunks // Molecular Ecology. V. 17. P. 1313–1327.
22. Hiett J.C., Catchpole C.K., 1982. Song repertoires and seasonal song in the yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella // This article is not included in your organization's subscription. However, you may be able to access this article under your organization's agreement with Elsevier. Animal Behaviour. V. 30. P. 568–574.
23. Irwin D.E., Rubtsov A.S., Panov E.N., 2009. Mitochondrial introgression and replacement between yellowhammers (Emberiza citrinella) and pine buntings (Emberiza leucocephalos) (Aves: Passeriformes) // Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. V. 98. P. 422–438.
24. Moore W.S., 1995. Inferring phylogenies from mtDNA variation: mitochondrial-gene trees versus nuclear-gene trees // Evolution. V. 49. P. 718–726.
25. Panov E.N., Rubtsov A.S., Monzikov D.G., 2003. Hybridization between yellowhammer and pine bunting in Russia // Dutch Birding. V. 25. P. 17–31.
26. Price T., 2008. Speciation in birds. Greenwood Village, CO: Roberts and Company. 470 p.
27. Rohwer S., Bermingham E., Wood C., 2001. Plumage and mitochondrial DNA haplotype variation across a moving hybrid zone // Evolution. V. 55. P. 405–422.
28. Rutkowska-Guz J.M., Osiejuk T.S., 2004. Song structure and variation in yellowhammers Emberiza citrinella from western Poland // Polish J. of Ecology. V. 52. P. 333–345.