V rabote izuchena dinamika izmenenii struktury khromatina na razlichnykh stadiyakh differentsirovki spermatid cheloveka. Pokazano, chto v yadrakh rannikh spermatid khromatin polnost'yu dekompaktizovan, ego strukturnoi edinitsei yavlyaetsya fibrilla tolshchinoi okolo 8 nm. Na nachal'nykh stadiyakh differentsirovki eta “elementarnaya” fibrilla yavlyaetsya preobladayushchei strukturoi v yadrakh, a na posleduyushchikh etapakh ona postepenno zameshchaetsya krupnymi globulyarnymi kompleksami diametrom okolo 60 nm. V dal'neishem globuly assotsiiruyut v fibrillyarnye struktury, tolshchina kotorykh umen'shaetsya do 30–40 nm. Na vsekh stadiyakh differentsirovki, krome konechnykh, globulyarno-fibrillyarnye kompleksy predstavlyayut soboi tsentry assotsiatsii elementarnykh fibrill. Protsess kondensatsii khromatina imeet vektornyi kharakter – on napravlen ot apikal'noi zony yadra k bazal'noi. V zrelykh spermatidakh preobladayushchim komponentom yavlyayutsya fibrilly tolshchinoi okolo 40 nm, tonkie fibrilly prakticheski otsutstvuyut. Po svoei strukturnoi organizatsii yadra zrelykh spermatid polnost'yu sootvetstvuyut yadram spermatozoidov s “nezrelym” khromatinom, kotorye v nebol'shom kolichestve obnaruzhivayutsya v eyakulyate zdorovykh donorov i mogut preobladat' nad normal'nymi kletkami pri patalogiyakh spermiogeneza. Prichina takoi ostanovki differentsirovki ostaetsya neponyatnoi. Vozmozhno, v chasti spermatid blokiruetsya formirovanie mezhmolekulyarnykh disul'fidnykh svyazei, kotorye neobkhodimy dlya zavershayushchei fazy kompaktizatsii genoma. Poluchennye rezul'taty obsuzhdayutsya v svyazi s izvestnymi modelyami organizatsii nukleoprotaminovogo khromatina v spermatozoidakh cheloveka.

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