Genomnyi imprinting – epigeneticheskii fenomen, kharakterizuyushchiisya monoallel'noi ekspressiei genov v zavisimosti ot ikh roditel'skogo proiskhozhdeniya. Molekulyarnuyu osnovu takoi ekspressii sostavlyayut kovalentnye modifikatsii DNK i gistonovykh belkov, ustanavlivaemye pri sozrevanii polovykh kletok. Anomalii formirovaniya genomnogo imprintinga v gametogeneze ili ego podderzhaniya na razlichnykh etapakh ontogeneza, vyzvannye aberrantnymi epigeneticheskimi modifikatsiyami khromatina, preimushchestvenno narusheniyami statusa metilirovaniya DNK, yavlyayutsya odnoi iz form mutatsionnoi izmenchivosti imprintirovannykh lokusov genoma. V nastoyashchem obzore rassmatrivaetsya spektr epimutatsii imprintirovannykh genov, privoditsya ikh klassifikatsiya, a takzhe obsuzhdayutsya vozmozhnye prichiny vozniknoveniya i rol' v etiologii nasledstvennykh zabolevanii cheloveka.

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