Подкожная и висцеральная жировая ткань (ЖТ) – это не просто депо хранения жирных кислот, а активный эндокринный орган, подвергающийся гиперплазии и значительно изменяющий свои функции при ожирении. Адипокины и другие белки, секретируемые адипоцитами и стромальными компонентами ЖТ, играют центральную роль в развитии устойчивости периферических тканей к действию инсулина и метаболического синдрома (МС). Редкие аллели генов, кодирующих адипокины, вносят существенный вклад в развитие компонентов МС. Одним из главных следствий МС является установление низкоуровневого системного воспаления, поддерживаемого синтезом провоспалительных растворимых молекул, происходящим в ЖТ. ЖТ выбрасывает провоспалительные молекулы в кровоток, который распространяет их по органам периферии, содержащим соответствующие рецепторы. Адипокины и провоспалительные молекулы, производимые ЖТ, служат основой для развития вторичных патологий, сопровождающих МС, прежде всего сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и неалкогольного жирового перерождения печени. В данном обзоре подробно рассмотрены физиологические эффекты адипонектина, лептина, резистина, висфатина и апелина и доказательства вклада полиморфных состояний их генов в развитие заболеваний, сопровождающих МС.

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