Podkozhnaya i vistseral'naya zhirovaya tkan' (ZhT) – eto ne prosto depo khraneniya zhirnykh kislot, a aktivnyi endokrinnyi organ, podvergayushchiisya giperplazii i znachitel'no izmenyayushchii svoi funktsii pri ozhirenii. Adipokiny i drugie belki, sekretiruemye adipotsitami i stromal'nymi komponentami ZhT, igrayut tsentral'nuyu rol' v razvitii ustoichivosti perifericheskikh tkanei k deistviyu insulina i metabolicheskogo sindroma (MS). Redkie alleli genov, kodiruyushchikh adipokiny, vnosyat sushchestvennyi vklad v razvitie komponentov MS. Odnim iz glavnykh sledstvii MS yavlyaetsya ustanovlenie nizkourovnevogo sistemnogo vospaleniya, podderzhivaemogo sintezom provospalitel'nykh rastvorimykh molekul, proiskhodyashchim v ZhT. ZhT vybrasyvaet provospalitel'nye molekuly v krovotok, kotoryi rasprostranyaet ikh po organam periferii, soderzhashchim sootvetstvuyushchie retseptory. Adipokiny i provospalitel'nye molekuly, proizvodimye ZhT, sluzhat osnovoi dlya razvitiya vtorichnykh patologii, soprovozhdayushchikh MS, prezhde vsego serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii i nealkogol'nogo zhirovogo pererozhdeniya pecheni. V dannom obzore podrobno rassmotreny fiziologicheskie effekty adiponektina, leptina, rezistina, visfatina i apelina i dokazatel'stva vklada polimorfnykh sostoyanii ikh genov v razvitie zabolevanii, soprovozhdayushchikh MS.

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