Introduktsii chuzherodnykh vidov (populyatsii) priobreli global'nye masshtaby i stali odnim iz vazhneishikh faktorov izmeneniya okruzhayushchei sredy. Populyatsionno-geneticheskie i ekologicheskie issledovaniya takikh vidov sposobstvuyut ponimaniyu evolyutsionnykh izmenenii i mekhanizmov adaptatsii pri pereselenii vida v novuyu sredu obitaniya. Takaya informatsiya predstavlyaet bol'shoi interes i dlya prirodookhrannoi (konservatsionnoi) biologii v svyazi s vosstanovleniem vymirayushchikh ili ischeznuvshikh populyatsii. Pereselyaemye populyatsii perezhivayut effekty osnovatelya i dreifa genov, chto sopryazheno s poterei geneticheskoi izmenchivosti, inbrednoi depressiei i snizheniem prisposoblennosti vselentsa. Odnako poteri izmenchivosti kolichestvennykh priznakov (additivnoi geneticheskoi variansy, na kotoruyu neposredstvenno deistvuet estestvennyi otbor) okazyvayutsya sushchestvenno men'she poter' neitral'noi molekulyarno-geneticheskoi izmenchivosti. Dlya podderzhaniya geneticheskoi izmenchivosti na urovne, obespechivayushchem vyzhivanie vselentsa, neobkhodimo bol'shoe chislo vselyaemykh osobei i mnogokratnost' introduktsii iz razlichnykh populyatsii vida. Introduktsiyam soputstvuyut gibridizatsiya i geneticheskaya introgressiya vselentsa s mestnymi vidami, kotorye takzhe uvelichivayut ego izmenchivost' i vyzhivaemost', no kraine vredny dlya mestnykh vidov.

Adaptivnye izmeneniya morfoekologicheskikh priznakov u naturalizovavshegosya vida i formirovanie populyatsionno-geneticheskoi struktury v novom areale proiskhodyat ochen' bystro. Proiskhodyashchaya odnovremenno geneticheskaya divergentsiya introdutsirovannoi populyatsii ot populyatsii-donora mozhet byt' pryamo ili kosvenno svyazana s protsessami adaptatsii. Transplantatsii anadromnykh vidov lososevykh sredi rybovodnykh zavodov dlya uvelicheniya chislennosti populyatsii (t.e. introduktsii vnutri estestvennogo areala) byli maloeffektivnymi iz-za konservatizma lokal'nykh adaptatsii i ponizhennoi prisposoblennosti vselentsev, no inogda davali oshchutimyi rezul'tat, esli provodilis' mezhdu geograficheski blizkimi populyatsiyami, svyazannymi obshchim proiskhozhdeniem i evolyutsionnoi istoriei.

Bol'shoe chislo issledovanii demonstriruyut negativnye geneticheskie, ekologicheskie i ekosistemnye effekty vseleniya chuzherodnykh vidov i populyatsii, kotorye neobkhodimo prinimat' vo vnimanie, planiruya introduktsii.

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